The concept and history of microphones

The microphone, whose scientific name is a microphone, is an energy conversion device that converts sound signals into electrical signals. It is translated from Microphone. Also called microphone and microphone. In the twentieth century, microphones developed from acoustic-electric conversion through resistance to inductive and capacitive conversion. A large number of new microphone technologies were gradually developed, including aluminum tapes, moving coils, and other microphones, as well as the widely used capacitive microphones. Head and electret microphone head.

Classification

According to the principle of energy conversion: electric type (moving coil type, aluminum ribbon type), capacitive type (DC polarization type), piezoelectric type (crystal type, ceramic type), electromagnetic type, carbon particle type, semiconductor式等。 Equations and so on. According to the force of the sound field, it is divided into: pressure type, pressure difference type, combined type, linear type and so on.

According to the transmission method of electrical signals, it is divided into: wired and wireless.

According to the purpose, it is divided into: measuring microphone, vocal microphone, instrument microphone, recording microphone, etc.

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According to the directivity, it is divided into: cardioid, sharp-hearted, super-cardioid, bidirectional (8-shaped), and non-directional (omnidirectional).

In addition, there are electrets and the recently emerging silicon micro-microphones, liquid microphones and laser microphones.

Dynamic microphones have good sound quality, but they are bulky. Electret microphones are small in size and low in cost, and are widely used in telephones, mobile phones and other equipment.

The silicon micro-microphone is based on CMOS MEMS technology and is smaller in size. Its consistency will be more than 4 times better than that of electret condenser microphones, so MEMS microphones are particularly suitable for cost-effective microphone array applications, where a better-matched microphone will improve sound wave formation and reduce noise.

Laser microphone is used in.

History

The history of the microphone can be traced back to the end of the 19th century. Scientists such as Alexander Graham Bell are dedicated to finding a better way to pick up sound, which can be used to improve the latest invention of the time-the telephone. During the period they invented liquid microphones and carbon granular microphones. The effects of these microphones are not ideal, but they can barely be used.